Global Warming and Global Cooling, Evolution of Climate on Earth

دانلود کتاب:گرم و سرد شدن جهان

Publisher: Elsevier Science
Number Of Pages: 450
Publication Date: 2007-08-13
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0444528156
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780444528155
Binding: Hardcover

http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51-tpbxfAyL.jpg

Book Description:

The theory of the Earth's climate evolution based on universal chemical-physical laws of matter-energy transformation is presented in the book. It shows how the process of Earth's core separation has led to formation and evolution of the hydrosphere and atmosphere. Having analyzed the processes of heat transfer in the atmosphere, the writers developed the adiabatic theory of the greenhouse effect, which was applied for analysis of climatic changes on the Earth. The influence of changes in climate on formation of mineral deposits and development of life on Earth was considered and presented based on modeling of typical climatic regimes. It shows that the anthropogenic effect on the Earth's global temperature is negligible in comparison with the effect of global forces of nature.

* Presents the theory of Earth's evolution based on the laws of chemical-density differentiation of the origin of the Earth
* Discusses the adiabatic theory of the greenhouse effect with quantitative estimates of the natural and anthropogenic influences on Earth's climates
* Describes the quantitative description of the evolution of the Earth's climate throughout geologic history and prediction of the future of the Earth's climate
* Investigates the global forces of nature driving the Earth's climate

     

Light Scattering by Particles in Water: Theoretical and Experimental Foundations

دانلود کتاب:پراکنش نور در آب توسط ذرات ریز موجود

Light Scattering by Particles in Water: Theoretical and Experimental Foundations
By Miroslaw Jonasz, Georges Fournier
Publisher:   Academic Press
Number Of Pages:   714
Publication Date:   2007-06-29
ISBN-10 / ASIN:   0123887518
ISBN-13 / EAN:   9780123887511
Binding:   Hardcover



Light scattering-based methods are used to characterize small particles suspended in water in a wide range of disciplines ranging from oceanography, through medicine, to industry. The scope and accuracy of these methods steadily increases with the progress in light scattering research. This book focuses on the theoretical and experimental foundations of the study and modeling of light scattering by particles in water and critically evaluates the key constraints of light scattering models. It begins with a brief review of the relevant theoretical fundamentals of the interaction of light with condensed matter, followed by an extended discussion of the basic optical properties of pure water and seawater and the physical principles that explain them. The book continues with a discussion of key optical features of the pure water/seawater and the most common components of natural waters. In order to clarify and put in focus some of the basic physical principles and most important features of the experimental data on light scattering by particles in water, the authors employ simple models. The book concludes with extensive critical reviews of the experimental constraints of light scattering models: results of measurements of light scattering and of the key properties of the particles: size
distribution, refractive index (composition), structure, and shape. These reviews guide the reader through literature scattered among more than 210 scientific journals and periodicals which represent a wide range of disciplines. A special emphasis is put on the methods of measuring both light scattering and the relevant properties of the particles, because principles of these methods
may affect interpretation and applicability of the results. The book includes extensive guides to literature on light scattering data and instrumentation design, as well as on the data for size distributions, refractive indices, and shapes typical of particles in natural waters. It also features a
comprehensive index, numerous cross-references, and a reference list with over 1370 entries.

*Extensive reference section provides handy compilations of knowledge on the designs of light scattering meters, sources of experimental data, and more
*Worked exercises and examples throughout

     

CO2 in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes

دانلود کتاب: دی اکسید کربن در آب شور

Publisher: Elsevier Science
Number Of Pages: 360
Publication Date: 2001-10-01
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0444509461
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780444509468
Binding: Paperback

Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the oceans as dissolved inorganic carbon. The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation.

Presenting the first coherent text describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties and stable isotope fractionation among the elements of the carbonate system. This volume presents an overview and a synthesis of these subjects which should be useful for graduate students and researchers in various fields such as biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, paleoceanography, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and others.

The volume includes an introduction to the equilibrium properties of the carbonate system in which basic concepts such as equilibrium constants, alkalinity, pH scales, and buffering are discussed. It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics are recapitulated, reaction rates and relaxation times of the carbonate system are considered in details. The book also provides a general introduction to stable isotope fractionation and describes the partitioning of carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopes between the species of the carbonate system. The appendix contains formulas for the equilibrium constants of the carbonate system, mathematical expressions to calculate carbonate system parameters, answers to exercises and more.

Summary: Invaluable reference for seawater chemistry and a comparison to terrestrial systems
Rating: 5

I am a graduate student in the field of geochemistry and I strongly recommend this book. It will have a permanent place on bookshelf (once it arrives) as I have found it quite useful in comparing marine water chemistry to soil and water (S=~0) chemistry. The book is suprisingly easy to read, the figures are chosen well and really drive home fundamental points. And as an added bonus, there is a nice series of appendicies loaded with geochemical parameters, solutions to problems in the text, etc...

Summary: The new classic for marine carbonate chemistry
Rating: 5

This book is an essential for those planning to work with the CO2 system in seawater. It is a valuable reference work for those who already understand the system and a useful place to learn for the advanced student. It sits alongside my Stumm and Morgan (Aquatic Chemistry) as essential books in the field.

     

Paradoxes in Geology

دانلود کتاب: تناقضات در زمین شناسی

By U. Briegel, Wen-Jiao Xiao
Publisher: Elsevier
Number Of Pages: 472
Publication Date: 2001-12-01
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0444505601
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780444505606
Binding: Hardcover

An interesting volume presenting the papers collected for the Festschrift "Paradoxes in Modern Geology" in honor of Professor Ken Jinghwa Hsu on the occasion of his 70th birthday.


Paradox, as defined in a dictionary, is a statement contrary to accepted opinion. That a broad discussion of paradoxes is fruitful for the advancement of science in general, and geosciences in particular, has been amply demonstrated by Professor Hsu throughout his distinguished career. Not only has he propelled the geoscience community forward with his controversial statements, a number of his former students, who are currently in key positions at universities and in industry, are influencing in a similar open minded way the present day thinking. The wide scope this reasoning encompasses is demonstrated by the contributions to this book, delineating paradoxes and problems in the fields of tectonics, basic and applied geosciences, petrology, paleoceanography, paleoclimatology and paleogeography, kinematics and modelling.

     

Biology, Sociology, Geology by Computational Physicists, Volume 1

دانلود کتاب: بیولوژی جامعه شماسی و زمین شناسی توسط الگوریتمهای فیزیک

By Dietrich Stauffer, Suzana Maria Moss de Oliveira, Paulo Murilo Castro de Oliveira, Jorge Simoes de Sá Martins
Publisher: Elsevier Science
Number Of Pages: 286
Publication Date: 2006-04-03
ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0444521461
ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780444521460
Binding: Hardcover

The book requires only rudimentary physics knowledge but ability to program computers creatively and to keep the mind open to simple and not so simple models, based in individuals, for the living world around us.

* Interdisciplinary coverage
* Research oriented
* Contains and explains programs
* Based on recent discoveries
* Little special knowledge required besides programming
* Suitable for undergraduate and graduate research projects


دانلود کتاب: تغییرات آب و هوایی در کواترنری

Late Quaternary Climate Change and Human Adaptation in Arid China, Volume 9 (Developments in Quaternary Sciences) (Developments in Quaternary Sciences)

Late Quaternary Climate Change and Human Adaptation in Arid China, Volume 9 (Developments in Quaternary)
By D.B. Madsen



  • Publisher:   Elsevier Science
  • Number Of Pages:   244
  • Publication Date:   2007-06-21
  • ISBN-10 / ASIN:   0444529624
  • ISBN-13 / EAN:   9780444529626
  • Binding:   Hardcover



Product Description:

Due to political pressures, prior to the 1990s little was known about the nature of human foraging adaptations in the deserts, grasslands, and mountains of north western China during the last glacial period. Even less was known about the transition to agriculture that followed. Now open to foreign visitation, there is now an increasing understanding of the foraging strategies which led both to the development of millet agriculture and to the utilization of the extreme environments of the Tibetan Plateau. This text explores the transition from the foraging societies of the Late Paleolithic to the emergence of settled farming societies and the emergent pastoralism of the middle Neolithic striving to help answer the diverse and numerous questions of this critical transitional period.

* Examines the transition from foraging societies of the Late Paleolithic to the emergence of settled farming societies and the emergent pastoralism of the middle Neolithic
* Explores explanatory models for the links between climate change and cultural change that may have influenced the development of millet agriculture
* Reviews the relationship

between climate change and population expansions and contraditions during the late Quaternary